npy sirna  (Santa Cruz Biotechnology)

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Upregulation of neuropeptide Y in cardiac sympathetic nerves induces stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1013712

Figure Lengend Snippet: Upregulation of neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in the left stellate ganglion (SG) and cardiac sympathetic nerves. (A) mRNA expression of various neuronal markers in the left SG in the control (CTL) and stress cardiomyopathy (SC) groups. SGs in SC model were collected 2 h after the commencement of epilepsy. NPY expression was significantly increased in the SC model, whereas there was no increase in the expression of the choline transporter (CHT), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAchT), or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; n = 5). (B,C) Triple-immunohistochemistry staining of the left SG and left ventricle (LV) for TH (green), NPY (red), and 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; nuclei; blue). NPY upregulation was observed in the SG and cardiac sympathetic nerve of the LV in the SC model. Scale bars: 50 μm (B) and 100 μm (C) . (D) NPY content of the apical part of the LV in control and SC rats ( n = 6). (E) Expression level of NPY mRNA significantly reduced following the injection of NPY siRNA into left SG compared to control siRNA ( n = 6). Where appropriate, data are provided as the mean ± SD. * P < 0.05 relative to the control.

Article Snippet: Thereafter (mechanically ventilated), their left stellate ganglia (SG) were microinjected with NPY siRNA (100 ng/0.5 μl; Santa Cruz Biochemical, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) using a Hamilton micropipette.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Injection

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Deletion of Neuropeptide Y Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Apoptosis During Acute Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01268

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) small interfering RNA on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in response to hydrogen peroxidase. (A) The relative mRNA level of NPY (n = 6). (B) MTT assay (n = 6). (C) Representative images of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining of cardiomyocyte showing the apoptotic cells. (D) Statistical results of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling-positive cells per field (n = 4, 100×). Scale bar = 100 μm. (E) The mRNA level of caspase-3 (n = 6). (F) Caspase-3 activity (n = 6). ** P < 0.01 versus control; ## P < 0.01 versus hydrogen peroxidase.

Article Snippet: NPY small interfering RNA (siRNA) (100 nM) and FoxO4 siRNA (100 nM) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA.

Techniques: Small Interfering RNA, MTT Assay, End Labeling, Staining, Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Deletion of Neuropeptide Y Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Apoptosis During Acute Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01268

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) small interfering RNA on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in response to hypoxia. (A) The relative mRNA level of NPY (n = 6). (B) MTT assay (n = 6). (C) Representative images of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining of cardiomyocyte showing the apoptotic cells. (D) Statistical results of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling-positive cells per field (n = 4, 100×). Scale bar = 100 μm. (E) The mRNA level of caspase-3 (n = 6). (F) Caspase-3 activity (n = 6). ** P < 0.01 versus control; ## P < 0.01 versus hypoxia.

Article Snippet: NPY small interfering RNA (siRNA) (100 nM) and FoxO4 siRNA (100 nM) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA.

Techniques: Small Interfering RNA, MTT Assay, End Labeling, Staining, Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Deletion of Neuropeptide Y Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Apoptosis During Acute Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01268

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) small interfering RNA up-regulate miR-499 expression and protected cardiomyocytes against hydrogen peroxidase (H 2 O 2 )-induced apoptosis. (A) MTT assay (n = 6). (B) . Representative images of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining of cardiomyocyte showing the apoptotic cells. (C) . Statistical results of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling-positive cells per field (n = 4, 100×). Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) The mRNA level of caspase-3 (n = 6). (E) Caspase-3 activity (n = 6). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 versus H 2 O 2 ; ## P < 0.01 versus NPY siRNA + H 2 O 2 .

Article Snippet: NPY small interfering RNA (siRNA) (100 nM) and FoxO4 siRNA (100 nM) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA.

Techniques: Small Interfering RNA, Expressing, MTT Assay, End Labeling, Staining, Activity Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Deletion of Neuropeptide Y Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Apoptosis During Acute Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01268

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of FoxO4 small interfering RNA on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in response to hydrogen peroxide. (A) The relative mRNA level of FoxO4 (n = 6). (B) MTT assay (n = 6). (C) Representative images of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining of cardiomyocyte showing the apoptotic cells. (D) Statistical results of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling-positive cells per field (n = 4, 100×). Scale bar = 100 μm. (E) The mRNA level of caspase-3 (n = 6). (F) Caspase-3 activity (n = 6). ** P < 0.01 versus control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 versus hydrogen peroxide.

Article Snippet: NPY small interfering RNA (siRNA) (100 nM) and FoxO4 siRNA (100 nM) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA.

Techniques: Small Interfering RNA, MTT Assay, End Labeling, Staining, Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Defective regulation of POMC precedes hypothalamic inflammation in diet-induced obesity

doi: 10.1038/srep29290

Figure Lengend Snippet: NPY/POMC ( A,B ) and IL6/TNF α ( C,D ) transcripts levels were measured in the hypothalamus of obese-prone (OP) and obese-resistant (OR) mice fed on a high-fat diet for 12 and 24 h, respectively, and samples were collected without fasting. Panel E depicts the real-time PCR determination of NPY and POMC transcript expression in the hypothalamus of mice treated either with NPY or POMC small-interfering RNAs (siRNA); control expression was obtained by the treatment with scramble siRNA. Panel F depicts the protocol employed for experiments presented in panels G–N. For that, OP mice were treated either with a scramble or an anti-NPY small interfering RNA (sc or siNPY, respectively) and OR mice were treated either with a scramble or an anti-POMC small interfering RNA (sc or siPOMC, respectively); food intake was determined before ( G ) and 24 h ( H ) three days ( I ) and seven days ( J ) after siRNA treatment; NPY/POMC transcripts were determined in the hypothalamus three ( K ) or seven ( L ) days after siRNA treatment; TNF α ( M ) and IL6 ( N ) transcripts levels were measured in the hypothalamus of OR mice treated either with a scramble or an anti-POMC small interfering RNA (sc or siPOMC, respectively). In ( O,P ) β-endorphin and α -MSH, respectively, were determined using ELISA in hypothalamic protein extracts obtained 12 or 24 h after introduction of a high-fat diet for OP and OR mice. In ( Q ) the variations of rat blood β-endorphin levels, determined using ELISA, from base-line to 12 h after introduction of a high-fat diet were plotted against body mass gain during a four-week period feeding on a high-fat diet. In ( A–D ) the results are presented as relative to the level of respective transcripts expressed in the hypothalamus of mice fed on chow (dashed line). In E, the results are presented as transcript expression relative to scramble treated controls. In ( O,P ) dashed line indicates values of mice fed on chow. In all experiments n = 6; in ( A–D ) *p < 0.05 vs. chow; § p < 0.05 vs. respective OR; in ( E ) *p < 0.05 vs. respective scramble treated controls; in ( G–N ) *p < 0.05 vs. respective sc; in ( O–P ) *p < 0.05 vs. chow; § p < 0.05 vs. respective 12 h.

Article Snippet: NPY siRNA (sc-42100), POMC siRNA (sc-37278) and control siRNA (sc-37007) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Control, Small Interfering RNA, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay